How to Customize Form Rendering

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Symfony gives you several ways to customize how a form is rendered. In this article you'll learn how to make single customizations to one or more fields of your forms. If you need to customize all your forms in the same way, create instead a form theme or use any of the built-in themes, such as the Bootstrap theme for Symfony forms.

Form Rendering Functions

A single call to the form() Twig function is enough to render an entire form, including all its fields and error messages:

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{# form is a variable passed from the controller via
  $this->render('...', ['form' => $form])
  or $this->render('...', ['form' => $form->createView()]) #}
{{ form(form) }}

The next step is to use the form_start(), form_end(), form_errors() and form_row() Twig functions to render the different form parts so you can customize them adding HTML elements and attributes:

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{{ form_start(form) }}
    <div class="my-custom-class-for-errors">
        {{ form_errors(form) }}
    </div>

    <div class="row">
        <div class="col">
            {{ form_row(form.task) }}
        </div>
        <div class="col" id="some-custom-id">
            {{ form_row(form.dueDate) }}
        </div>
    </div>
{{ form_end(form) }}

The form_row() function outputs the entire field contents, including the label, help message, HTML elements and error messages. All this can be further customized using other Twig functions, as illustrated in the following diagram:

The form_label(), form_widget() (the HTML input), form_help() and form_errors() Twig functions give you total control over how each form field is rendered, so you can fully customize them:

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<div class="form-control">
    <i class="fa fa-calendar"></i> {{ form_label(form.dueDate) }}
    {{ form_widget(form.dueDate) }}

    <small>{{ form_help(form.dueDate) }}</small>

    <div class="form-error">
        {{ form_errors(form.dueDate) }}
    </div>
</div>

Warning

If you're rendering each field manually, make sure you don't forget the _token field that is automatically added for CSRF protection.

You can also use {{ form_rest(form) }} (recommended) to render any fields that aren't rendered manually. See the form_rest() documentation below for more information.

Note

Later in this article you can find the full reference of these Twig functions with more usage examples.

Form Field Helpers

The form_*() helpers shown in the previous section render different parts of the form field, including all its HTML elements. Some developers and designers struggle with this behavior, because it hides all the HTML elements in form themes which are not trivial to customize.

That's why Symfony provides other Twig form helpers that render the value of each form field part without adding any HTML around it:

  • field_name()
  • field_value()
  • field_label()
  • field_help()
  • field_errors()
  • field_choices() (an iterator for choice fields; e.g. for <select>)

When using these helpers, you must write all the HTML contents for all form fields, so you no longer have to deal with form themes:

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<input
    name="{{ field_name(form.username) }}"
    value="{{ field_value(form.username) }}"
    placeholder="{{ field_label(form.username) }}"
    class="form-control"
>

<select name="{{ field_name(form.country) }}" class="form-control">
    <option value="">{{ field_label(form.country) }}</option>

    {% for label, value in field_choices(form.country) %}
        <option value="{{ value }}">{{ label }}</option>
    {% endfor %}
</select>

Form Rendering Variables

Some of the Twig functions mentioned in the previous section allow to pass variables to configure their behavior. For example, the form_label() function lets you define a custom label to override the one defined in the form:

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{{ form_label(form.task, 'My Custom Task Label') }}

Some form field types have additional rendering options that can be passed to the widget. These options are documented with each type, but one common option is attr, which allows you to modify HTML attributes on the form element. The following would add the task_field CSS class to the rendered input text field:

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{{ form_widget(form.task, {'attr': {'class': 'task_field'}}) }}

Note

If you're rendering an entire form at once (or an entire embedded form), the variables argument will only be applied to the form itself and not its children. In other words, the following will not pass a "foo" class attribute to all of the child fields in the form:

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{# does **not** work - the variables are not recursive #}
{{ form_widget(form, { 'attr': {'class': 'foo'} }) }}

If you need to render form fields "by hand" then you can access individual values for fields (such as the id, name and label) using its vars property. For example to get the id:

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{{ form.task.vars.id }}

Note

Later in this article you can find the full reference of these Twig variables and their description.

Form Themes

The Twig functions and variables shown in the previous sections can help you customize one or more fields of your forms. However, this customization can't be applied to the rest of the forms of your app.

If you want to customize all forms in the same way (for example to adapt the generated HTML code to the CSS framework used in your app) you must create a form theme.

Form Functions and Variables Reference

Functions

form(form_view, variables)

Renders the HTML of a complete form.

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{# render the form and change the submission method #}
{{ form(form, {'method': 'GET'}) }}

You will mostly use this helper for prototyping or if you use custom form themes. If you need more flexibility in rendering the form, you should use the other helpers to render individual parts of the form instead:

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{{ form_start(form) }}
    {{ form_errors(form) }}

    {{ form_row(form.name) }}
    {{ form_row(form.dueDate) }}

    {{ form_row(form.submit, { 'label': 'Submit me' }) }}
{{ form_end(form) }}

form_start(form_view, variables)

Renders the start tag of a form. This helper takes care of printing the configured method and target action of the form. It will also include the correct enctype property if the form contains upload fields.

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{# render the start tag and change the submission method #}
{{ form_start(form, {'method': 'GET'}) }}

form_end(form_view, variables)

Renders the end tag of a form.

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{{ form_end(form) }}

This helper also outputs form_rest() (which is explained later in this article) unless you set render_rest to false:

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{# don't render unrendered fields #}
{{ form_end(form, {render_rest: false}) }}

form_label(form_view, label, variables)

Renders the label for the given field. You can optionally pass the specific label you want to display as the second argument.

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{{ form_label(form.name) }}

{# The two following syntaxes are equivalent #}
{{ form_label(form.name, 'Your Name', {'label_attr': {'class': 'foo'}}) }}

{{ form_label(form.name, null, {
    'label': 'Your name',
    'label_attr': {'class': 'foo'}
}) }}

See "How to Customize Form Rendering" to learn about the variables argument.

form_help(form_view)

Renders the help text for the given field.

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{{ form_help(form.name) }}

form_errors(form_view)

Renders any errors for the given field.

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{# render only the error messages related to this field #}
{{ form_errors(form.name) }}

{# render any "global" errors not associated to any form field #}
{{ form_errors(form) }}

Warning

In the Bootstrap 4 form theme, form_errors() is already included in form_label(). Read more about this in the Bootstrap 4 theme documentation.

form_widget(form_view, variables)

Renders the HTML widget of a given field. If you apply this to an entire form or collection of fields, each underlying form row will be rendered.

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{# render a widget, but add a "foo" class to it #}
{{ form_widget(form.name, {'attr': {'class': 'foo'}}) }}

The second argument to form_widget() is an array of variables. The most common variable is attr, which is an array of HTML attributes to apply to the HTML widget. In some cases, certain types also have other template-related options that can be passed. These are discussed on a type-by-type basis. The attributes are not applied recursively to child fields if you're rendering many fields at once (e.g. form_widget(form)).

See "How to Customize Form Rendering" to learn more about the variables argument.

form_row(form_view, variables)

Renders the "row" of a given field, which is the combination of the field's label, errors, help and widget.

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{# render a field row, but display a label with text "foo" #}
{{ form_row(form.name, {'label': 'foo'}) }}

The second argument to form_row() is an array of variables. The templates provided in Symfony only allow to override the label as shown in the example above.

See "How to Customize Form Rendering" to learn about the variables argument.

form_rest(form_view, variables)

This renders all fields that have not yet been rendered for the given form. It's a good idea to always have this somewhere inside your form as it'll render hidden fields for you and make any fields you forgot to render easier to spot (since it'll render the field for you).

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{{ form_rest(form) }}

form_parent(form_view)

Returns the parent form view or null if the form view already is the root form. Using this function should be preferred over accessing the parent form using form.parent. The latter way will produce different results when a child form is named parent.

Tests

Tests can be executed by using the is operator in Twig to create a condition. Read the Twig documentation for more information.

selectedchoice(selected_value)

This test will check if the current choice is equal to the selected_value or if the current choice is in the array (when selected_value is an array).

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<option {% if choice is selectedchoice(value) %}selected="selected"{% endif %}>

rootform

This test will check if the current form does not have a parent form view.

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{# DON'T DO THIS: this simple check can't differentiate between a form having
    a parent form view and a form defining a nested form field called 'parent' #}

 {% if form.parent is null %}
     {{ form_errors(form) }}
 {% endif %}

{# DO THIS: this check is always reliable, even if the form defines a field called 'parent' #}

 {% if form is rootform %}
     {{ form_errors(form) }}
 {% endif %}

Form Variables Reference

The following variables are common to every field type. Certain field types may define even more variables and some variables here only really apply to certain types. To know the exact variables available for each type, check out the code of the templates used by your form theme.

Assuming you have a form variable in your template and you want to reference the variables on the name field, accessing the variables is done by using a public vars property on the FormView object:

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<label for="{{ form.name.vars.id }}"
    class="{{ form.name.vars.required ? 'required' }}">
    {{ form.name.vars.label }}
</label>
Variable Usage
action The action of the current form.
attr A key-value array that will be rendered as HTML attributes on the field.
block_prefixes An array of all the names of the parent types.
cache_key A unique key which is used for caching.
compound Whether or not a field is actually a holder for a group of children fields (for example, a choice field, which is actually a group of checkboxes).
data The normalized data of the type.
disabled If true, disabled="disabled" is added to the field.
errors An array of any errors attached to this specific field (e.g. form.title.errors). Note that you can't use form.errors to determine if a form is valid, since this only returns "global" errors: some individual fields may have errors. Instead, use the valid option.
form The current FormView instance.
full_name The name HTML attribute to be rendered.
help The help message that will be rendered.
id The id HTML attribute to be rendered.
label The string label that will be rendered.
label_attr A key-value array that will be rendered as HTML attributes on the label.
method The method of the current form (POST, GET, etc.).
multipart If true, form_enctype will render enctype="multipart/form-data".
name The name of the field (e.g. title) - but not the name HTML attribute, which is full_name.
required If true, a required attribute is added to the field to activate HTML5 validation. Additionally, a required class is added to the label.
submitted Returns true or false depending on whether the whole form is submitted
translation_domain The domain of the translations for this form.
valid Returns true or false depending on whether the whole form is valid.
value The value that will be used when rendering (commonly the value HTML attribute). This only applies to the root form element.

Tip

Behind the scenes, these variables are made available to the FormView object of your form when the Form component calls buildView() and finishView() on each "node" of your form tree. To see what "view" variables a particular field has, find the source code for the form field (and its parent fields) and look at the above two functions.

This work, including the code samples, is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license.
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