Internationalization
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Internationalization
Internationalization and localization adapt the applications and their contents
to the specific region or language of the users. In Symfony this is an opt-in
feature that needs to be enabled before using it. To do this, uncomment the
following translator configuration option and set your application locale:
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# app/config/config.yml
framework:
# ...
translator: { fallbacks: ['%locale%'] }
# app/config/parameters.yml
parameters:
# ...
locale: enTranslation Source File Format
The Symfony Translation component supports lots of different translation
formats: PHP, Qt, .po, .mo, JSON, CSV, INI, etc.
Best Practice
Use the XLIFF format for your translation files.
Of all the available translation formats, only XLIFF and gettext have broad support in the tools used by professional translators. And since it's based on XML, you can validate XLIFF file contents as you write them.
Symfony supports notes in XLIFF files, making them more user-friendly for translators. At the end, good translations are all about context, and these XLIFF notes allow you to define that context.
Tip
The Apache-licensed JMSTranslationBundle offers you a web interface for viewing and editing these translation files. It also has advanced extractors that can read your project and automatically update the XLIFF files.
Translation Source File Location
Best Practice
Store the translation files in the app/Resources/translations/
directory.
Traditionally, Symfony developers have created these files in the
Resources/translations/ directory of each bundle. But since the
app/Resources/ directory is considered the global location for the
application's resources, storing translations in app/Resources/translations/
centralizes them and gives them priority over any other translation file.
This let's you override translations defined in third-party bundles.
Translation Keys
Best Practice
Always use keys for translations instead of content strings.
Using keys simplifies the management of the translation files because you can change the original contents without having to update all of the translation files.
Keys should always describe their purpose and not their location. For
example, if a form has a field with the label "Username", then a nice key
would be label.username, not edit_form.label.username.
Example Translation File
Applying all the previous best practices, the sample translation file for English in the application would be:
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<!-- app/Resources/translations/messages.en.xlf -->
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xliff version="1.2" xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
<file source-language="en" target-language="en" datatype="plaintext" original="file.ext">
<body>
<trans-unit id="title_post_list">
<source>title.post_list</source>
<target>Post List</target>
</trans-unit>
</body>
</file>
</xliff>
