When and How to Use Data Mappers
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When and How to Use Data Mappers
When a form is compound, the initial data needs to be passed to children so each can display their own input value. On submission, children values need to be written back into the form.
Data mappers are responsible for reading and writing data from and into parent forms.
The main built-in data mapper uses the PropertyAccess component and will fit most cases. However, you can create your own implementation that could, for example, pass submitted data to immutable objects via their constructor.
The Difference between Data Transformers and Mappers
It is important to know the difference between data transformers and mappers.
- Data transformers change the representation of a value (e.g. from
"2016-08-12"to aDateTimeinstance); - Data mappers map data (e.g. an object or array) to form fields, and vice versa.
Changing a YYYY-mm-dd string value to a DateTime instance is done by a
data transformer. Populating inner fields (e.g year, hour, etc) of a compound date type using
a DateTime instance is done by the data mapper.
Creating a Data Mapper
Suppose that you want to save a set of colors to the database. For this, you're using an immutable color object:
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// src/AppBundle/Painting/Color.php
namespace AppBundle\Painting;
final class Color
{
private $red;
private $green;
private $blue;
public function __construct(int $red, int $green, int $blue)
{
$this->red = $red;
$this->green = $green;
$this->blue = $blue;
}
public function getRed(): int
{
return $this->red;
}
public function getGreen(): int
{
return $this->green;
}
public function getBlue(): int
{
return $this->blue;
}
}The form type should be allowed to edit a color. But because you've decided to
make the Color object immutable, a new color object has to be created each time
one of the values is changed.
Tip
If you're using a mutable object with constructor arguments, instead of
using a data mapper, you should configure the empty_data option with a closure
as described in
How to Configure empty Data for a Form Class.
The red, green and blue form fields have to be mapped to the constructor
arguments and the Color instance has to be mapped to red, green and blue
form fields. Recognize a familiar pattern? It's time for a data mapper. The
easiest way to create one is by implementing DataMapperInterface
in your form type:
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// src/AppBundle/Form/ColorType.php
namespace AppBundle\Form;
use AppBundle\Painting\Color;
use Symfony\Component\Form\AbstractType;
use Symfony\Component\Form\DataMapperInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Form\Exception\UnexpectedTypeException;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormInterface;
final class ColorType extends AbstractType implements DataMapperInterface
{
// ...
/**
* @param Color|null $viewData
*/
public function mapDataToForms($viewData, $forms)
{
// there is no data yet, so nothing to prepopulate
if (null === $viewData) {
return;
}
// invalid data type
if (!$viewData instanceof Color) {
throw new UnexpectedTypeException($viewData, Color::class);
}
/** @var FormInterface[] $forms */
$forms = iterator_to_array($forms);
// initialize form field values
$forms['red']->setData($viewData->getRed());
$forms['green']->setData($viewData->getGreen());
$forms['blue']->setData($viewData->getBlue());
}
public function mapFormsToData($forms, &$viewData)
{
/** @var FormInterface[] $forms */
$forms = iterator_to_array($forms);
// as data is passed by reference, overriding it will change it in
// the form object as well
// beware of type inconsistency, see caution below
$viewData = new Color(
$forms['red']->getData(),
$forms['green']->getData(),
$forms['blue']->getData()
);
}
}Caution
The data passed to the mapper is not yet validated. This means that your objects should allow being created in an invalid state in order to produce user-friendly errors in the form.
Using the Mapper
After creating the data mapper, you need to configure the form to use it. This is achieved using the setDataMapper() method:
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// src/AppBundle/Form/Type/ColorType.php
// ...
use Symfony\Component\Form\Extension\Core\Type\IntegerType;
use Symfony\Component\Form\FormBuilderInterface;
use Symfony\Component\OptionsResolver\OptionsResolver;
final class ColorType extends AbstractType implements DataMapperInterface
{
public function buildForm(FormBuilderInterface $builder, array $options)
{
$builder
->add('red', IntegerType::class, [
// enforce the strictness of the type to ensure the constructor
// of the Color class doesn't break
'empty_data' => '0',
])
->add('green', IntegerType::class, [
'empty_data' => '0',
])
->add('blue', IntegerType::class, [
'empty_data' => '0',
])
// configure the data mapper for this FormType
->setDataMapper($this)
;
}
public function configureOptions(OptionsResolver $resolver)
{
// when creating a new color, the initial data should be null
$resolver->setDefault('empty_data', null);
}
// ...
}Cool! When using the ColorType form, the custom data mapper methods will
create a new Color object now.
Caution
When a form has the inherit_data option set to true, it does not use the data mapper and
lets its parent map inner values.
