Override the cache Directory

You can change the default cache directory by overriding the getCacheDir() method in the AppKernel class of your application:

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// app/AppKernel.php

// ...
class AppKernel extends Kernel
{
    // ...

    public function getCacheDir()
    {
        return $this->rootDir.'/'.$this->environment.'/cache';
    }
}

$this->rootDir is the absolute path to the app directory and $this->environment is the current environment (i.e. dev). In this case you have changed the location of the cache directory to app/{environment}/cache.

Override the logs Directory

Overriding the logs directory is the same as overriding the cache directory. The only difference is that you need to override the getLogDir() method:

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// app/AppKernel.php

// ...
class AppKernel extends Kernel
{
    // ...

    public function getLogDir()
    {
        return $this->rootDir.'/'.$this->environment.'/logs';
    }
}

Here you have changed the location of the directory to app/{environment}/logs.

Override the Templates Directory

If your templates are not stored in the default app/Resources/views/ directory, use the twig.paths configuration option to define your own templates directory (or directories):

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# app/config/config.yml
twig:
    # ...
    paths: ["%kernel.root_dir%/../templates"]

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<!-- app/config/config.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:twig="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/twig"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
        http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
        http://symfony.com/schema/dic/twig
        http://symfony.com/schema/dic/twig/twig-1.0.xsd">

    <twig:config>
        <twig:path>%kernel.root_dir%/../templates</twig:path>
    </twig:config>

</container>

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// app/config/config.php
$container->loadFromExtension('twig', array(
    'paths' => array(
        '%kernel.root_dir%/../templates',
    ),
));

Override the web Directory

If you need to rename or move your web directory, the only thing you need to guarantee is that the path to the app directory is still correct in your app.php and app_dev.php front controllers. If you simply renamed the directory, you're fine. But if you moved it in some way, you may need to modify these paths inside those files:

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require_once __DIR__.'/../Symfony/app/bootstrap.php.cache';
require_once __DIR__.'/../Symfony/app/AppKernel.php';

You also need to change the extra.symfony-web-dir option in the composer.json file:

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{
    ...
    "extra": {
        ...
        "symfony-web-dir": "my_new_web_dir"
    }
}

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# app/config/config.yml

# ...
assetic:
    # ...
    read_from: '%kernel.root_dir%/../../public_html'

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<!-- app/config/config.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
    xmlns:assetic="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/assetic"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
        http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
        http://symfony.com/schema/dic/assetic
        http://symfony.com/schema/dic/assetic/assetic-1.0.xsd">

    <!-- ... -->
    <assetic:config read-from="%kernel.root_dir%/../../public_html" />

</container>

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// app/config/config.php

// ...
$container->loadFromExtension('assetic', array(
    // ...
    'read_from' => '%kernel.root_dir%/../../public_html',
));

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$ php app/console cache:clear --env=prod
$ php app/console assetic:dump --env=prod --no-debug

Override the vendor Directory

To override the vendor directory, you need to introduce changes in the app/autoload.php and composer.json files.

The change in the composer.json will look like this:

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{
    "config": {
        "bin-dir": "bin",
        "vendor-dir": "/some/dir/vendor"
    },
}

Then, update the path to the autoload.php file in app/autoload.php:

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// app/autoload.php
// ...
$loader = require '/some/dir/vendor/autoload.php';