How to Configure Symfony to Work behind a Load Balancer or a Reverse Proxy

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When you deploy your application, you may be behind a load balancer (e.g. an AWS Elastic Load Balancing) or a reverse proxy (e.g. Varnish for caching).

For the most part, this doesn't cause any problems with Symfony. But, when a request passes through a proxy, certain request information is sent using either the standard Forwarded header or X-Forwarded-* headers. For example, instead of reading the REMOTE_ADDR header (which will now be the IP address of your reverse proxy), the user's true IP will be stored in a standard Forwarded: for="..." header or a X-Forwarded-For header.

If you don't configure Symfony to look for these headers, you'll get incorrect information about the client's IP address, whether or not the client is connecting via HTTPS, the client's port and the hostname being requested.

Solution: setTrustedProxies()

To fix this, you need to tell Symfony which reverse proxy IP addresses to trust and what headers your reverse proxy uses to send information:

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// web/app.php

// ...
$request = Request::createFromGlobals();

// tell Symfony about your reverse proxy
Request::setTrustedProxies(
    // the IP address (or range) of your proxy
    ['192.0.0.1', '10.0.0.0/8'],

    // trust *all* "X-Forwarded-*" headers
    Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_ALL

    // or, if your proxy instead uses the "Forwarded" header
    // Request::HEADER_FORWARDED

    // or, if you're using AWS ELB
    // Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_AWS_ELB
);

The Request object has several Request::HEADER_* constants that control exactly which headers from your reverse proxy are trusted. The argument is a bit field, so you can also pass your own value (e.g. 0b00110).

But what if the IP of my Reverse Proxy Changes Constantly!

Some reverse proxies (like AWS Elastic Load Balancing) don't have a static IP address or even a range that you can target with the CIDR notation. In this case, you'll need to - very carefully - trust all proxies.

  1. Configure your web server(s) to not respond to traffic from any clients other than your load balancers. For AWS, this can be done with security groups.

  2. Once you've guaranteed that traffic will only come from your trusted reverse proxies, configure Symfony to always trust incoming request:

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    // web/app.php

// ...
Request::setTrustedProxies(
    // trust *all* requests
    ['127.0.0.1', $request->server->get('REMOTE_ADDR')],

    // if you're using ELB, otherwise use a constant from above
    Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_AWS_ELB
);

That's it! It's critical that you prevent traffic from all non-trusted sources. If you allow outside traffic, they could "spoof" their true IP address and other information.

If you are also using a reverse proxy on top of your load balancer (e.g. CloudFront), calling $request->server->get('REMOTE_ADDR') won't be enough, as it will only trust the node sitting directly above your application (in this case your load balancer). You also need to append the IP addresses or ranges of any additional proxy (e.g. CloudFront IP ranges) to the array of trusted proxies.

Custom Headers When Using a Reverse Proxy

Some reverse proxies (like CloudFront with CloudFront-Forwarded-Proto) may force you to use a custom header. For instance you have Custom-Forwarded-Proto instead of X-Forwarded-Proto.

In this case, you'll need to set the header X-Forwarded-Proto with the value of Custom-Forwarded-Proto early enough in your application, i.e. before handling the request:

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// web/app.php

// ...
$_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'] = $_SERVER['HTTP_CUSTOM_FORWARDED_PROTO'];
// ...
$response = $kernel->handle($request);
This work, including the code samples, is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license.
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