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How to Test Code that Interacts with the Database

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How to Test Code that Interacts with the Database

If your code interacts with the database, e.g. reads data from or stores data into it, you need to adjust your tests to take this into account. There are many ways how to deal with this. In a unit test, you can create a mock for a Repository and use it to return expected objects. In a functional test, you may need to prepare a test database with predefined values to ensure that your test always has the same data to work with.

Note

If you want to test your queries directly, see How to Test Doctrine Repositories.

Mocking the Repository in a Unit Test

If you want to test code which depends on a Doctrine repository in isolation, you need to mock the Repository. Normally you inject the EntityManager into your class and use it to get the repository. This makes things a little more difficult as you need to mock both the EntityManager and your repository class.

Tip

It is possible (and a good idea) to inject your repository directly by registering your repository as a factory service. This is a little bit more work to setup, but makes testing easier as you only need to mock the repository.

Suppose the class you want to test looks like this:

// src/AppBundle/Salary/SalaryCalculator.php
namespace AppBundle\Salary;

use Doctrine\Common\Persistence\ObjectManager;

class SalaryCalculator
{
    private $entityManager;

    public function __construct(ObjectManager $entityManager)
    {
        $this->entityManager = $entityManager;
    }

    public function calculateTotalSalary($id)
    {
        $employeeRepository = $this->entityManager
            ->getRepository('AppBundle:Employee');
        $employee = $employeeRepository->find($id);

        return $employee->getSalary() + $employee->getBonus();
    }
}

Since the ObjectManager gets injected into the class through the constructor, it’s easy to pass a mock object within a test:

// tests/AppBundle/Salary/SalaryCalculatorTest.php
namespace Tests\AppBundle\Salary;

use AppBundle\Entity\Employee;
use AppBundle\Salary\SalaryCalculator;
use Doctrine\ORM\EntityRepository;
use Doctrine\Common\Persistence\ObjectManager;

class SalaryCalculatorTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    public function testCalculateTotalSalary()
    {
        // First, mock the object to be used in the test
        $employee = $this->createMock(Employee::class);
        $employee->expects($this->once())
            ->method('getSalary')
            ->will($this->returnValue(1000));
        $employee->expects($this->once())
            ->method('getBonus')
            ->will($this->returnValue(1100));

        // Now, mock the repository so it returns the mock of the employee
        $employeeRepository = $this
            ->getMockBuilder(EntityRepository::class)
            ->disableOriginalConstructor()
            ->getMock();
        $employeeRepository->expects($this->once())
            ->method('find')
            ->will($this->returnValue($employee));

        // Last, mock the EntityManager to return the mock of the repository
        $entityManager = $this
            ->getMockBuilder(ObjectManager::class)
            ->disableOriginalConstructor()
            ->getMock();
        $entityManager->expects($this->once())
            ->method('getRepository')
            ->will($this->returnValue($employeeRepository));

        $salaryCalculator = new SalaryCalculator($entityManager);
        $this->assertEquals(2100, $salaryCalculator->calculateTotalSalary(1));
    }
}

In this example, you are building the mocks from the inside out, first creating the employee which gets returned by the Repository, which itself gets returned by the EntityManager. This way, no real class is involved in testing.

Changing Database Settings for Functional Tests

If you have functional tests, you want them to interact with a real database. Most of the time you want to use a dedicated database connection to make sure not to overwrite data you entered when developing the application and also to be able to clear the database before every test.

To do this, you can specify a database configuration which overwrites the default configuration:

  • YAML
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    # app/config/config_test.yml
doctrine:
    # ...
    dbal:
        host:     localhost
        dbname:   testdb
        user:     testdb
        password: testdb
  • XML
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    <!-- app/config/config_test.xml -->
<doctrine:config>
    <doctrine:dbal
        host="localhost"
        dbname="testdb"
        user="testdb"
        password="testdb"
    />
</doctrine:config>
  • PHP
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    // app/config/config_test.php
$configuration->loadFromExtension('doctrine', array(
    'dbal' => array(
        'host'     => 'localhost',
        'dbname'   => 'testdb',
        'user'     => 'testdb',
        'password' => 'testdb',
    ),
));

Make sure that your database runs on localhost and has the defined database and user credentials set up.

This work, including the code samples, is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license.