Creating the Project

Warning: You are browsing the documentation for Symfony 3.x, which is no longer maintained.

Read the updated version of this page for Symfony 7.1 (the current stable version).

Installing Symfony

In the past, Symfony projects were created with Composer, the dependency manager for PHP applications. However, the current recommendation is to use the Symfony Installer, which has to be installed before creating your first project.

Best Practice

Use the Symfony Installer to create new Symfony-based projects.

Read the Installing & Setting up the Symfony Framework article learn how to install and use the Symfony Installer.

Creating the Blog Application

Now that everything is correctly set up, you can create a new project based on Symfony. In your command console, browse to a directory where you have permission to create files and execute the following commands:

Linux and macOS systems:

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        $ cd projects/
$ symfony new blog --version=3.4
    

Windows systems:

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        > cd projects/
> php symfony new blog --version=3.4
    

Note

If the installer doesn't work for you or doesn't output anything, make sure that the Phar extension is installed and enabled on your computer.

This command creates a new directory called blog that contains a fresh new project based on the most recent stable Symfony version available. In addition, the installer checks if your system meets the technical requirements to execute Symfony applications. If not, you'll see the list of changes needed to meet those requirements.

Tip

Symfony releases are digitally signed for security reasons. If you want to verify the integrity of your Symfony installation, take a look at the public checksums repository and follow these steps to verify the signatures.

Structuring the Application

After creating the application, enter the blog/ directory and you'll see a number of files and directories generated automatically:

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        blog/
├─ app/
│  ├─ config/
│  └─ Resources/
├─ bin
│  └─ console
├─ src/
│  └─ AppBundle/
├─ var/
│  ├─ cache/
│  ├─ logs/
│  └─ sessions/
├─ tests/
│  └─ AppBundle/
├─ vendor/
└─ web/
    

This file and directory hierarchy is the convention proposed by Symfony to structure your applications. The recommended purpose of each directory is the following:

app/config/, stores all the configuration defined for any environment;
app/Resources/, stores all the templates and the translation files for the application;
src/AppBundle/, stores the Symfony specific code (controllers and routes), your domain code (e.g. Doctrine classes) and all your business logic;
var/cache/, stores all the cache files generated by the application;
var/logs/, stores all the log files generated by the application;
var/sessions/, stores all the session files generated by the application;
tests/AppBundle/, stores the automatic tests (e.g. Unit tests) of the application.
vendor/, this is the directory where Composer installs the application's dependencies and you should never modify any of its contents;
web/, stores all the front controller files and all the web assets, such as stylesheets, JavaScript files and images.

Application Bundles

When Symfony 2.0 was released, most developers naturally adopted the Symfony 1.x way of dividing applications into logical modules. That's why many Symfony applications use bundles to divide their code into logical features: UserBundle, ProductBundle, InvoiceBundle, etc.

But a bundle is meant to be something that can be reused as a stand-alone piece of software. If UserBundle cannot be used "as is" in other Symfony applications, then it shouldn't be its own bundle. Moreover, if InvoiceBundle depends on ProductBundle, then there's no advantage to having two separate bundles.

Best Practice

Create only one bundle called AppBundle for your application logic.

Implementing a single AppBundle bundle in your projects will make your code more concise and easier to understand.

Note

There is no need to prefix the AppBundle with your own vendor (e.g. AcmeAppBundle), because this application bundle is never going to be shared.

Note

Another reason to create a new bundle is when you're overriding something in a vendor's bundle (e.g. a controller). See How to Use Bundle Inheritance to Override Parts of a Bundle.

All in all, this is the typical directory structure of a Symfony application that follows these best practices:

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        blog/
├─ app/
│  ├─ config/
│  └─ Resources/
├─ bin/
│  └─ console
├─ src/
│  └─ AppBundle/
├─ tests/
│  └─ AppBundle/
├─ var/
│  ├─ cache/
│  ├─ logs/
   └─ sessions/
├─ vendor/
└─ web/
   ├─ app.php
   └─ app_dev.php
    

Tip

If your Symfony installation doesn't come with a pre-generated AppBundle, you can generate it by hand executing this command:

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        $ php bin/console generate:bundle --namespace=AppBundle --dir=src --format=annotation --no-interaction
    

Extending the Directory Structure

If your project or infrastructure requires some changes to the default directory structure of Symfony, you can override the location of the main directories: cache/, logs/ and web/.

Next: Configuration

This work, including the code samples, is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license.

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