How to Build a JSON Authentication Endpoint

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How to Build a JSON Authentication Endpoint¶

In this entry, you’ll build a JSON endpoint to log in your users. When the user logs in, you can load your users from anywhere - like the database. See 2b) The “User Provider” for details.

First, enable the JSON login under your firewall:

YAML

# config/packages/security.yaml
security:
    # ...

    firewalls:
        main:
            anonymous: lazy
            json_login:
                check_path: /login

XML

<!-- config/packages/security.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<srv:container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/security"
    xmlns:srv="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
        https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">

    <config>
        <firewall name="main">
            <anonymous lazy="true"/>
            <json-login check-path="/login"/>
        </firewall>
    </config>
</srv:container>

PHP

// config/packages/security.php
$container->loadFromExtension('security', [
    'firewalls' => [
        'main' => [
            'anonymous'  => 'lazy',
            'json_login' => [
                'check_path' => '/login',
            ],
        ],
    ],
]);

Tip

The check_path can also be a route name (but cannot have mandatory wildcards - e.g. /login/{foo} where foo has no default value).

The next step is to configure a route in your app matching this path:

Annotations

// src/Controller/SecurityController.php
namespace App\Controller;

// ...
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Annotation\Route;

class SecurityController extends AbstractController
{
    /**
     * @Route("/login", name="login", methods={"POST"})
     */
    public function login(Request $request): Response
    {
        $user = $this->getUser();

        return $this->json([
            'username' => $user->getUsername(),
            'roles' => $user->getRoles(),
        ]);
    }
}

YAML

# config/routes.yaml
login:
    path:       /login
    controller: App\Controller\SecurityController::login
    methods: POST

XML

<!-- config/routes.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing
        https://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd">

    <route id="login" path="/login" controller="App\Controller\SecurityController::login" methods="POST"/>
</routes>

PHP

// config/routes.php
use App\Controller\SecurityController;
use Symfony\Component\Routing\Loader\Configurator\RoutingConfigurator;

return function (RoutingConfigurator $routes) {
    $routes->add('login', '/login')
        ->controller([SecurityController::class, 'login'])
        ->methods(['POST'])
    ;
};

Now, when you make a POST request, with the header Content-Type: application/json, to the /login URL with the following JSON document as the body, the security system intercepts the request and initiates the authentication process:

{
    "username": "dunglas",
    "password": "MyPassword"
}

Symfony takes care of authenticating the user with the submitted username and password or triggers an error in case the authentication process fails. If the authentication is successful, the controller defined earlier will be called.

If the JSON document has a different structure, you can specify the path to access the username and password properties using the username_path and password_path keys (they default respectively to username and password). For example, if the JSON document has the following structure:

{
    "security": {
        "credentials": {
            "login": "dunglas",
            "password": "MyPassword"
        }
    }
}

The security configuration should be:

YAML

# config/packages/security.yaml
security:
    # ...

    firewalls:
        main:
            anonymous: lazy
            json_login:
                check_path:    login
                username_path: security.credentials.login
                password_path: security.credentials.password

XML

<!-- config/packages/security.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<srv:container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/security"
    xmlns:srv="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
        https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">

    <config>
        <firewall name="main">
            <anonymous lazy="true"/>
            <json-login check-path="login"
                username-path="security.credentials.login"
                password-path="security.credentials.password"/>
        </firewall>
    </config>
</srv:container>

PHP

// config/packages/security.php
$container->loadFromExtension('security', [
    'firewalls' => [
        'main' => [
            'anonymous'  => 'lazy',
            'json_login' => [
                'check_path' => 'login',
                'username_path' => 'security.credentials.login',
                'password_path' => 'security.credentials.password',
            ],
        ],
    ],
]);

This work, including the code samples, is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license.