Extending the ExpressionLanguage

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The ExpressionLanguage can be extended by adding custom functions. For instance, in the Symfony Framework, the security has custom functions to check the user's role.

Note

If you want to learn how to use functions in an expression, read "The Expression Syntax".

Registering Functions

Functions are registered on each specific ExpressionLanguage instance. That means the functions can be used in any expression executed by that instance.

To register a function, use register(). This method has 3 arguments:

name - The name of the function in an expression;
compiler - A function executed when compiling an expression using the function;
evaluator - A function executed when the expression is evaluated.

Example:

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        use Symfony\Component\ExpressionLanguage\ExpressionLanguage;

$expressionLanguage = new ExpressionLanguage();
$expressionLanguage->register('lowercase', function ($str) {
    return sprintf('(is_string(%1$s) ? strtolower(%1$s) : %1$s)', $str);
}, function ($arguments, $str) {
    if (!is_string($str)) {
        return $str;
    }

    return strtolower($str);
});

var_dump($expressionLanguage->evaluate('lowercase("HELLO")'));
// this will print: hello
    

In addition to the custom function arguments, the evaluator is passed an arguments variable as its first argument, which is equal to the second argument of evaluate() (e.g. the "values" when evaluating an expression).

Using Expression Providers

When you use the ExpressionLanguage class in your library, you often want to add custom functions. To do so, you can create a new expression provider by creating a class that implements ExpressionFunctionProviderInterface.

This interface requires one method: getFunctions(), which returns an array of expression functions (instances of ExpressionFunction) to register:

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        use Symfony\Component\ExpressionLanguage\ExpressionFunction;
use Symfony\Component\ExpressionLanguage\ExpressionFunctionProviderInterface;

class StringExpressionLanguageProvider implements ExpressionFunctionProviderInterface
{
    public function getFunctions()
    {
        return [
            new ExpressionFunction('lowercase', function ($str) {
                return sprintf('(is_string(%1$s) ? strtolower(%1$s) : %1$s)', $str);
            }, function ($arguments, $str) {
                if (!is_string($str)) {
                    return $str;
                }

                return strtolower($str);
            }),
        ];
    }
}
    

Tip

To create an expression function from a PHP function with the fromPhp() static method:

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        ExpressionFunction::fromPhp('strtoupper');
    

Namespaced functions are supported, but they require a second argument to define the name of the expression:

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        ExpressionFunction::fromPhp('My\strtoupper', 'my_strtoupper');
    

You can register providers using registerProvider() or by using the second argument of the constructor:

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        use Symfony\Component\ExpressionLanguage\ExpressionLanguage;

// using the constructor
$expressionLanguage = new ExpressionLanguage(null, [
    new StringExpressionLanguageProvider(),
    // ...
]);

// using registerProvider()
$expressionLanguage->registerProvider(new StringExpressionLanguageProvider());
    

Tip

It is recommended to create your own ExpressionLanguage class in your library. Now you can add the extension by overriding the constructor:

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        use Psr\Cache\CacheItemPoolInterface;
use Symfony\Component\ExpressionLanguage\ExpressionLanguage as BaseExpressionLanguage;

class ExpressionLanguage extends BaseExpressionLanguage
{
    public function __construct(CacheItemPoolInterface $cache = null, array $providers = [])
    {
        // prepends the default provider to let users override it
        array_unshift($providers, new StringExpressionLanguageProvider());

        parent::__construct($cache, $providers);
    }
}
    

This work, including the code samples, is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license.

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