Installation¶

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$ composer require symfony/messenger

Concepts¶

Sender:

Responsible for serializing and sending messages to something. This something can be a message broker or a third party API for example.

Receiver:

Responsible for retrieving, deserializing and forwarding messages to handler(s). This can be a message queue puller or an API endpoint for example.

Handler:

Responsible for handling messages using the business logic applicable to the messages. Handlers are called by the HandleMessageMiddleware middleware.

Middleware:

Middleware can access the message and its wrapper (the envelope) while it is dispatched through the bus. Literally "the software in the middle", those are not about core concerns (business logic) of an application. Instead, they are cross cutting concerns applicable throughout the application and affecting the entire message bus. For instance: logging, validating a message, starting a transaction, ... They are also responsible for calling the next middleware in the chain, which means they can tweak the envelope, by adding stamps to it or even replacing it, as well as interrupt the middleware chain.

Envelope

Messenger specific concept, it gives full flexibility inside the message bus, by wrapping the messages into it, allowing to add useful information inside through envelope stamps.

Envelope Stamps

Piece of information you need to attach to your message: serializer context to use for transport, markers identifying a received message or any sort of metadata your middleware or transport layer may use.

Bus¶

The bus is used to dispatch messages. The behavior of the bus is in its ordered middleware stack. The component comes with a set of middleware that you can use.

When using the message bus with Symfony's FrameworkBundle, the following middleware are configured for you:

1. LoggingMiddleware (logs the processing of your messages)
2. SendMessageMiddleware (enables asynchronous processing)
3. HandleMessageMiddleware (calls the registered handler(s))

Example:

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use App\Message\MyMessage;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Handler\HandlersLocator;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBus;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Middleware\HandleMessageMiddleware;

$bus = new MessageBus([
    new HandleMessageMiddleware(new HandlersLocator([
        MyMessage::class => ['dummy' => $handler],
    ])),
]);

$bus->dispatch(new MyMessage(/* ... */));

Handlers¶

Once dispatched to the bus, messages will be handled by a "message handler". A message handler is a PHP callable (i.e. a function or an instance of a class) that will do the required processing for your message:

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namespace App\MessageHandler;

use App\Message\MyMessage;

class MyMessageHandler
{
    public function __invoke(MyMessage $message)
    {
        // Message processing...
    }
}

Adding Metadata to Messages (Envelopes)¶

If you need to add metadata or some configuration to a message, wrap it with the Envelope class and add stamps. For example, to set the serialization groups used when the message goes through the transport layer, use the SerializerStamp stamp:

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use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Envelope;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Stamp\SerializerStamp;

$bus->dispatch(
    (new Envelope($message))->with(new SerializerStamp([
        'groups' => ['my_serialization_groups'],
    ]))
);

At the moment, the Symfony Messenger has the following built-in envelope stamps:

1. SerializerStamp, to configure the serialization groups used by the transport.
2. ValidationStamp, to configure the validation groups used when the validation middleware is enabled.
3. ReceivedStamp, an internal stamp that marks the message as received from a transport.
4. SentStamp, a stamp that marks the message as sent by a specific sender. Allows accessing the sender FQCN and the alias if available from the SendersLocator.
5. HandledStamp, a stamp that marks the message as handled by a specific handler. Allows accessing the handler returned value, the handler callable name and its alias if available from the HandlersLocator.

Instead of dealing directly with the messages in the middleware you receive the envelope. Hence you can inspect the envelope content and its stamps, or add any:

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use App\Message\Stamp\AnotherStamp;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Middleware\MiddlewareInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Middleware\StackInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Stamp\ReceivedStamp;

class MyOwnMiddleware implements MiddlewareInterface
{
    public function handle(Envelope $envelope, StackInterface $stack): Envelope
    {
        if (null !== $envelope->last(ReceivedStamp::class)) {
            // Message just has been received...

            // You could for example add another stamp.
            $envelope = $envelope->with(new AnotherStamp(/* ... */));
        }

        return $stack->next()->handle($envelope, $stack);
    }
}

The above example will forward the message to the next middleware with an additional stamp if the message has just been received (i.e. has at least one ReceivedStamp stamp). You can create your own stamps by implementing StampInterface.

If you want to examine all stamps on an envelope, use the $envelope->all() method, which returns all stamps grouped by type (FQCN). Alternatively, you can iterate through all stamps of a specific type by using the FQCN as first parameter of this method (e.g. $envelope->all(ReceivedStamp::class)).

Transports¶

In order to send and receive messages, you will have to configure a transport. A transport will be responsible for communicating with your message broker or 3rd parties.

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namespace App\MessageSender;

use App\Message\ImportantAction;
use Symfony\Component\Mailer\MailerInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Envelope;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\Sender\SenderInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Mime\Email;

class ImportantActionToEmailSender implements SenderInterface
{
    private $mailer;
    private $toEmail;

    public function __construct(MailerInterface $mailer, string $toEmail)
    {
        $this->mailer = $mailer;
        $this->toEmail = $toEmail;
    }

    public function send(Envelope $envelope): Envelope
    {
        $message = $envelope->getMessage();

        if (!$message instanceof ImportantAction) {
            throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('This transport only supports "%s" messages.', ImportantAction::class));
        }

        $this->mailer->send(
            (new Email())
                ->to($this->toEmail)
                ->subject('Important action made')
                ->html('<h1>Important action</h1><p>Made by '.$message->getUsername().'</p>')
        );

        return $envelope;
    }
}

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namespace App\MessageReceiver;

use App\Message\NewOrder;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Envelope;
use Symfony\Component\Messenger\Transport\Receiver\ReceiverInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Serializer\SerializerInterface;

class NewOrdersFromCsvFileReceiver implements ReceiverInterface
{
    private $serializer;
    private $filePath;

    public function __construct(SerializerInterface $serializer, string $filePath)
    {
        $this->serializer = $serializer;
        $this->filePath = $filePath;
    }

    public function receive(callable $handler): void
    {
        $ordersFromCsv = $this->serializer->deserialize(file_get_contents($this->filePath), 'csv');

        foreach ($ordersFromCsv as $orderFromCsv) {
            $order = new NewOrder($orderFromCsv['id'], $orderFromCsv['account_id'], $orderFromCsv['amount']);

            $handler(new Envelope($order));
        }
    }

    public function stop(): void
    {
        // noop
    }
}

Learn more¶