Workflow
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Read the updated version of this page for Symfony 7.1 (the current stable version).
Using the Workflow component inside a Symfony application requires to know first some basic theory and concepts about workflows and state machines. Read this article for a quick overview.
Installation
In applications using Symfony Flex, run this command to install the workflow feature before using it:
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$ composer require symfony/workflow
Configuration
To see all configuration options, if you are using the component inside a Symfony project run this command:
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$ php bin/console config:dump-reference framework workflows
Creating a Workflow
A workflow is a process or a lifecycle that your objects go through. Each step or stage in the process is called a place. You do also define transitions to that describes the action to get from one place to another.
A set of places and transitions creates a definition. A workflow needs
a Definition
and a way to write the states to the objects (i.e. an
instance of a MarkingStoreInterface.)
Consider the following example for a blog post. A post can have these places:
draft
, reviewed
, rejected
, published
. You can define the workflow
like this:
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# config/packages/workflow.yaml
framework:
workflows:
blog_publishing:
type: 'workflow' # or 'state_machine'
audit_trail:
enabled: true
marking_store:
type: 'method'
property: 'currentPlace'
supports:
- App\Entity\BlogPost
initial_marking: draft
places:
- draft
- reviewed
- rejected
- published
transitions:
to_review:
from: draft
to: reviewed
publish:
from: reviewed
to: published
reject:
from: reviewed
to: rejected
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<!-- config/packages/workflow.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony
https://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony/symfony-1.0.xsd">
<framework:config>
<!-- or type="state_machine" -->
<framework:workflow name="blog_publishing" type="workflow">
<framework:audit-trail enabled="true"/>
<framework:marking-store type="single_state">
<framework:argument>currentPlace</framework:argument>
</framework:marking-store>
<framework:support>App\Entity\BlogPost</framework:support>
<framework:initial-marking>draft</framework:initial-marking>
<framework:place>draft</framework:place>
<framework:place>reviewed</framework:place>
<framework:place>rejected</framework:place>
<framework:place>published</framework:place>
<framework:transition name="to_review">
<framework:from>draft</framework:from>
<framework:to>reviewed</framework:to>
</framework:transition>
<framework:transition name="publish">
<framework:from>reviewed</framework:from>
<framework:to>published</framework:to>
</framework:transition>
<framework:transition name="reject">
<framework:from>reviewed</framework:from>
<framework:to>rejected</framework:to>
</framework:transition>
</framework:workflow>
</framework:config>
</container>
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// config/packages/workflow.php
use App\Entity\BlogPost;
$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
'workflows' => [
'blog_publishing' => [
'type' => 'workflow', // or 'state_machine'
'audit_trail' => [
'enabled' => true
],
'marking_store' => [
'type' => 'method',
'property' => 'currentPlace',
],
'supports' => [BlogPost::class],
'initial_marking' => 'draft',
'places' => [
'draft',
'reviewed',
'rejected',
'published',
],
'transitions' => [
'to_review' => [
'from' => 'draft',
'to' => 'reviewed',
],
'publish' => [
'from' => 'reviewed',
'to' => 'published',
],
'reject' => [
'from' => 'reviewed',
'to' => 'rejected',
],
],
],
],
]);
Tip
If you are creating your first workflows, consider using the workflow:dump
command to debug the workflow contents.
The configured property will be used via its implemented getter/setter methods by the marking store:
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// src/Entity/BlogPost.php
namespace App\Entity;
class BlogPost
{
// the configured marking store property must be declared
private $currentPlace;
private $title;
private $content;
// getter/setter methods must exist for property access by the marking store
public function getCurrentPlace()
{
return $this->currentPlace;
}
public function setCurrentPlace($currentPlace, $context = [])
{
$this->currentPlace = $currentPlace;
}
}
Note
The marking store type could be "multiple_state" or "single_state". A single state marking store does not support a model being on multiple places at the same time. This means a "workflow" must use a "multiple_state" marking store and a "state_machine" must use a "single_state" marking store. Symfony configures the marking store according to the "type" by default, so it's preferable to not configure it.
A single state marking store uses a string
to store the data. A multiple
state marking store uses an array
to store the data.
Tip
The marking_store.type
(the default value depends on the type
value)
and property
(default value ['marking']
) attributes of the
marking_store
option are optional. If omitted, their default values will
be used. It's highly recommended to use the default value.
Tip
Setting the audit_trail.enabled
option to true
makes the application
generate detailed log messages for the workflow activity.
With this workflow named blog_publishing
, you can get help to decide
what actions are allowed on a blog post:
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use App\Entity\BlogPost;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\Exception\LogicException;
$post = new BlogPost();
$workflow = $this->container->get('workflow.blog_publishing');
$workflow->can($post, 'publish'); // False
$workflow->can($post, 'to_review'); // True
// Update the currentState on the post
try {
$workflow->apply($post, 'to_review');
} catch (LogicException $exception) {
// ...
}
// See all the available transitions for the post in the current state
$transitions = $workflow->getEnabledTransitions($post);
Accessing the Workflow in a Class
You can use the workflow inside a class by using
service autowiring and using
camelCased workflow name + Workflow
as parameter name. If it is a state
machine type, use camelCased workflow name + StateMachine
:
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use App\Entity\BlogPost;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\WorkflowInterface;
class MyClass
{
private $blogPublishingWorkflow;
// Symfony will inject the 'blog_publishing' workflow configured before
public function __construct(WorkflowInterface $blogPublishingWorkflow)
{
$this->blogPublishingWorkflow = $blogPublishingWorkflow;
}
public function toReview(BlogPost $post)
{
// Update the currentState on the post
try {
$this->blogPublishingWorkflow->apply($post, 'to_review');
} catch (LogicException $exception) {
// ...
}
// ...
}
}
Alternatively, use the registry:
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use App\Entity\BlogPost;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\Registry;
class MyClass
{
private $workflowRegistry;
public function __construct(Registry $workflowRegistry)
{
$this->workflowRegistry = $workflowRegistry;
}
public function toReview(BlogPost $post)
{
$blogPublishingWorkflow = $this->workflowRegistry->get($post);
// ...
}
}
Tip
You can find the list of available workflow services with the
php bin/console debug:autowiring workflow
command.
Using Events
To make your workflows more flexible, you can construct the Workflow
object with an EventDispatcher
. You can now create event listeners to
block transitions (i.e. depending on the data in the blog post) and do
additional actions when a workflow operation happened (e.g. sending
announcements).
Each step has three events that are fired in order:
- An event for every workflow;
- An event for the workflow concerned;
- An event for the workflow concerned with the specific transition or place name.
When a state transition is initiated, the events are dispatched in the following order:
workflow.guard
-
Validate whether the transition is blocked or not (see guard events and blocking transitions).
The three events being dispatched are:
workflow.guard
workflow.[workflow name].guard
workflow.[workflow name].guard.[transition name]
workflow.leave
-
The subject is about to leave a place.
The three events being dispatched are:
workflow.leave
workflow.[workflow name].leave
workflow.[workflow name].leave.[place name]
workflow.transition
-
The subject is going through this transition.
The three events being dispatched are:
workflow.transition
workflow.[workflow name].transition
workflow.[workflow name].transition.[transition name]
workflow.enter
-
The subject is about to enter a new place. This event is triggered right before the subject places are updated, which means that the marking of the subject is not yet updated with the new places.
The three events being dispatched are:
workflow.enter
workflow.[workflow name].enter
workflow.[workflow name].enter.[place name]
workflow.entered
-
The subject has entered in the places and the marking is updated.
The three events being dispatched are:
workflow.entered
workflow.[workflow name].entered
workflow.[workflow name].entered.[place name]
workflow.completed
-
The object has completed this transition.
The three events being dispatched are:
workflow.completed
workflow.[workflow name].completed
workflow.[workflow name].completed.[transition name]
workflow.announce
-
Triggered for each transition that now is accessible for the subject.
The three events being dispatched are:
workflow.announce
workflow.[workflow name].announce
workflow.[workflow name].announce.[transition name]
Note
The leaving and entering events are triggered even for transitions that stay in the same place.
4.3
Following events are also dispatched when the subject enters the workflow
for the first time: workflow.entered
and workflow.[worflow name].entered
.
Here is an example of how to enable logging for every time a "blog_publishing" workflow leaves a place:
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// src/App/EventSubscriber/WorkflowLoggerSubscriber.php
namespace App\EventSubscriber;
use Psr\Log\LoggerInterface;
use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventSubscriberInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\Event\Event;
class WorkflowLoggerSubscriber implements EventSubscriberInterface
{
private $logger;
public function __construct(LoggerInterface $logger)
{
$this->logger = $logger;
}
public function onLeave(Event $event)
{
$this->logger->alert(sprintf(
'Blog post (id: "%s") performed transition "%s" from "%s" to "%s"',
$event->getSubject()->getId(),
$event->getTransition()->getName(),
implode(', ', array_keys($event->getMarking()->getPlaces())),
implode(', ', $event->getTransition()->getTos())
));
}
public static function getSubscribedEvents()
{
return [
'workflow.blog_publishing.leave' => 'onLeave',
];
}
}
Guard Events
There are special types of events called "Guard events". Their event listeners
are invoked every time a call to Workflow::can()
, Workflow::apply()
or
Workflow::getEnabledTransitions()
is executed. With the guard events you may
add custom logic to decide which transitions should be blocked or not. Here is a
list of the guard event names.
workflow.guard
workflow.[workflow name].guard
workflow.[workflow name].guard.[transition name]
This example stops any blog post being transitioned to "reviewed" if it is missing a title:
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// src/App/EventSubscriber/BlogPostReviewSubscriber.php
namespace App\EventSubscriber;
use App\Entity\BlogPost;
use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventSubscriberInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\Event\GuardEvent;
class BlogPostReviewSubscriber implements EventSubscriberInterface
{
public function guardReview(GuardEvent $event)
{
/** @var BlogPost $post */
$post = $event->getSubject();
$title = $post->title;
if (empty($title)) {
// Block the transition "to_review" if the post has no title
$event->setBlocked(true);
}
}
public static function getSubscribedEvents()
{
return [
'workflow.blog_publishing.guard.to_review' => ['guardReview'],
];
}
}
Event Methods
Each workflow event is an instance of Event. This means that each event has access to the following information:
- getMarking()
- Returns the Marking of the workflow.
- getSubject()
- Returns the object that dispatches the event.
- getTransition()
- Returns the Transition that dispatches the event.
- getWorkflowName()
- Returns a string with the name of the workflow that triggered the event.
- getMetadata()
- Returns a metadata.
For Guard Events, there is an extended GuardEvent class. This class has these additional methods:
- isBlocked()
- Returns if transition is blocked.
- setBlocked()
- Sets the blocked value.
- getTransitionBlockerList()
- Returns the event TransitionBlockerList. See blocking transitions.
- addTransitionBlocker()
- Add a TransitionBlocker instance.
Blocking Transitions
The execution of the workflow can be controlled by calling custom logic to decide if the current transition is blocked or allowed before applying it. This feature is provided by "guards", which can be used in two ways.
First, you can listen to the guard events.
Alternatively, you can define a guard
configuration option for the
transition. The value of this option is any valid expression created with the
ExpressionLanguage component:
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# config/packages/workflow.yaml
framework:
workflows:
blog_publishing:
# previous configuration
transitions:
to_review:
# the transition is allowed only if the current user has the ROLE_REVIEWER role.
guard: "is_granted('ROLE_REVIEWER')"
from: draft
to: reviewed
publish:
# or "is_anonymous", "is_remember_me", "is_fully_authenticated", "is_granted", "is_valid"
guard: "is_authenticated"
from: reviewed
to: published
reject:
# or any valid expression language with "subject" referring to the supported object
guard: "is_granted('ROLE_ADMIN') and subject.isRejectable()"
from: reviewed
to: rejected
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<!-- config/packages/workflow.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony
https://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony/symfony-1.0.xsd">
<framework:config>
<framework:workflow name="blog_publishing" type="workflow">
<!-- ... previous configuration -->
<framework:transition name="to_review">
<!-- the transition is allowed only if the current user has the ROLE_REVIEWER role. -->
<framework:guard>is_granted("ROLE_REVIEWER")</framework:guard>
<framework:from>draft</framework:from>
<framework:to>reviewed</framework:to>
</framework:transition>
<framework:transition name="publish">
<!-- or "is_anonymous", "is_remember_me", "is_fully_authenticated", "is_granted" -->
<framework:guard>is_authenticated</framework:guard>
<framework:from>reviewed</framework:from>
<framework:to>published</framework:to>
</framework:transition>
<framework:transition name="reject">
<!-- or any valid expression language with "subject" referring to the post -->
<framework:guard>is_granted("ROLE_ADMIN") and subject.isStatusReviewed()</framework:guard>
<framework:from>reviewed</framework:from>
<framework:to>rejected</framework:to>
</framework:transition>
</framework:workflow>
</framework:config>
</container>
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// config/packages/workflow.php
use App\Entity\BlogPost;
$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
'workflows' => [
'blog_publishing' => [
// ... previous configuration
'transitions' => [
'to_review' => [
// the transition is allowed only if the current user has the ROLE_REVIEWER role.
'guard' => 'is_granted("ROLE_REVIEWER")',
'from' => 'draft',
'to' => 'reviewed',
],
'publish' => [
// or "is_anonymous", "is_remember_me", "is_fully_authenticated", "is_granted"
'guard' => 'is_authenticated',
'from' => 'reviewed',
'to' => 'published',
],
'reject' => [
// or any valid expression language with "subject" referring to the post
'guard' => 'is_granted("ROLE_ADMIN") and subject.isStatusReviewed()',
'from' => 'reviewed',
'to' => 'rejected',
],
],
],
],
]);
You can also use transition blockers to block and return a user-friendly error message when you stop a transition from happening. In the example we get this message from the Event's metadata, giving you a central place to manage the text.
This example has been simplified; in production you may prefer to use the Translation component to manage messages in one place:
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// src/App/EventSubscriber/BlogPostPublishSubscriber.php
namespace App\EventSubscriber;
use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\EventSubscriberInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\Event\GuardEvent;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\TransitionBlocker;
class BlogPostPublishSubscriber implements EventSubscriberInterface
{
public function guardPublish(GuardEvent $event)
{
$eventTransition = $event->getTransition();
$hourLimit = $event->getMetadata('hour_limit', $eventTransition);
if (date('H') <= $hourLimit) {
return;
}
// Block the transition "publish" if it is more than 8 PM
// with the message for end user
$explanation = $event->getMetadata('explanation', $eventTransition);
$event->addTransitionBlocker(new TransitionBlocker($explanation , '0'));
}
public static function getSubscribedEvents()
{
return [
'workflow.blog_publishing.guard.publish' => ['guardPublish'],
];
}
}
4.1
The transition blockers were introduced in Symfony 4.1.
Usage in Twig
Symfony defines several Twig functions to manage workflows and reduce the need of domain logic in your templates:
workflow_can()
-
Returns
true
if the given object can make the given transition. workflow_transitions()
- Returns an array with all the transitions enabled for the given object.
workflow_marked_places()
- Returns an array with the place names of the given marking.
workflow_has_marked_place()
-
Returns
true
if the marking of the given object has the given state. workflow_transition_blockers()
- Returns TransitionBlockerList for the given transition.
The following example shows these functions in action:
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<h3>Actions on Blog Post</h3>
{% if workflow_can(post, 'publish') %}
<a href="...">Publish</a>
{% endif %}
{% if workflow_can(post, 'to_review') %}
<a href="...">Submit to review</a>
{% endif %}
{% if workflow_can(post, 'reject') %}
<a href="...">Reject</a>
{% endif %}
{# Or loop through the enabled transitions #}
{% for transition in workflow_transitions(post) %}
<a href="...">{{ transition.name }}</a>
{% else %}
No actions available.
{% endfor %}
{# Check if the object is in some specific place #}
{% if workflow_has_marked_place(post, 'reviewed') %}
<p>This post is ready for review.</p>
{% endif %}
{# Check if some place has been marked on the object #}
{% if 'reviewed' in workflow_marked_places(post) %}
<span class="label">Reviewed</span>
{% endif %}
{# Loop through the transition blockers #}
{% for blocker in workflow_transition_blockers(post, 'publish') %}
<span class="error">{{ blocker.message }}</span>
{% endfor %}
Storing Metadata
4.1
The feature to store metadata in workflows was introduced in Symfony 4.1.
In case you need it, you can store arbitrary metadata in workflows, their
places, and their transitions using the metadata
option. This metadata can
be only the title of the workflow or very complex objects:
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# config/packages/workflow.yaml
framework:
workflows:
blog_publishing:
metadata:
title: 'Blog Publishing Workflow'
# ...
places:
draft:
metadata:
max_num_of_words: 500
# ...
transitions:
to_review:
from: draft
to: review
metadata:
priority: 0.5
publish:
from: reviewed
to: published
metadata:
hour_limit: 20
explanation: 'You can not publish after 8 PM.'
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<!-- config/packages/workflow.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony https://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony/symfony-1.0.xsd"
>
<framework:config>
<framework:workflow name="blog_publishing">
<framework:metadata>
<framework:title>Blog Publishing Workflow</framework:title>
</framework:metadata>
<!-- ... -->
<framework:place name="draft">
<framework:metadata>
<framework:max-num-of-words>500</framework:max-num-of-words>
</framework:metadata>
</framework:place>
<!-- ... -->
<framework:transition name="to_review">
<framework:from>draft</framework:from>
<framework:to>review</framework:to>
<framework:metadata>
<framework:priority>0.5</framework:priority>
</framework:metadata>
</framework:transition>
<framework:transition name="publish">
<framework:from>reviewed</framework:from>
<framework:to>published</framework:to>
<framework:metadata>
<framework:hour_limit>20</framework:hour_limit>
<framework:explanation>You can not publish after 8 PM.</framework:explanation>
</framework:metadata>
</framework:transition>
</framework:workflow>
</framework:config>
</container>
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// config/packages/workflow.php
$container->loadFromExtension('framework', [
// ...
'workflows' => [
'blog_publishing' => [
'metadata' => [
'title' => 'Blog Publishing Workflow',
],
// ...
'places' => [
'draft' => [
'metadata' => [
'max_num_of_words' => 500,
],
],
// ...
],
'transitions' => [
'to_review' => [
'from' => 'draft',
'to' => 'review',
'metadata' => [
'priority' => 0.5,
],
],
'publish' => [
'from' => 'reviewed',
'to' => 'published',
'metadata' => [
'hour_limit' => 20,
'explanation' => 'You can not publish after 8 PM.',
],
],
],
],
],
]);
Then you can access this metadata in your controller as follows:
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// src/App/Controller/BlogPostController.php
use App\Entity\BlogPost;
use Symfony\Component\Workflow\WorkflowInterface;
// ...
public function myAction(WorkflowInterface $blogPublishingWorkflow, BlogPost $post)
{
$title = $blogPublishingWorkflow
->getMetadataStore()
->getWorkflowMetadata()['title'] ?? 'Default title'
;
$maxNumOfWords = $blogPublishingWorkflow
->getMetadataStore()
->getPlaceMetadata('draft')['max_num_of_words'] ?? 500
;
$aTransition = $blogPublishingWorkflow->getDefinition()->getTransitions()[0];
$priority = $blogPublishingWorkflow
->getMetadataStore()
->getTransitionMetadata($aTransition)['priority'] ?? 0
;
// ...
}
There is a getMetadata()
method that works with all kinds of metadata:
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// get "workflow metadata" passing the metadata key as argument
$title = $workflow->getMetadataStore()->getMetadata('title');
// get "place metadata" passing the metadata key as the first argument and the place name as the second argument
$maxNumOfWords = $workflow->getMetadataStore()->getMetadata('max_num_of_words', 'draft');
// get "transition metadata" passing the metadata key as the first argument and a Transition object as the second argument
$priority = $workflow->getMetadataStore()->getMetadata('priority', $aTransition);
In a flash message in your controller:
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// $transition = ...; (an instance of Transition)
// $workflow is a Workflow instance retrieved from the Registry or injected directly (see above)
$title = $workflow->getMetadataStore()->getMetadata('title', $transition);
$this->addFlash('info', "You have successfully applied the transition with title: '$title'");
Metadata can also be accessed in a Listener, from the Event object.
In Twig templates, metadata is available via the workflow_metadata()
function:
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<h2>Metadata of Blog Post</h2>
<p>
<strong>Workflow</strong>:<br>
<code>{{ workflow_metadata(blog_post, 'title') }}</code>
</p>
<p>
<strong>Current place(s)</strong>
<ul>
{% for place in workflow_marked_places(blog_post) %}
<li>
{{ place }}:
<code>{{ workflow_metadata(blog_post, 'max_num_of_words', place) ?: 'Unlimited'}}</code>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</p>
<p>
<strong>Enabled transition(s)</strong>
<ul>
{% for transition in workflow_transitions(blog_post) %}
<li>
{{ transition.name }}:
<code>{{ workflow_metadata(blog_post, 'priority', transition) ?: 0 }}</code>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</p>