Question Helper
The QuestionHelper provides functions to ask the user for more information. It is included in the default helper set and you can get it by calling getHelper():
1
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
The Question Helper has a single method ask() that needs an InputInterface instance as the first argument, an OutputInterface instance as the second argument and a Question as last argument.
Note
As an alternative, consider using the SymfonyStyle to ask questions.
Asking the User for Confirmation
Suppose you want to confirm an action before actually executing it. Add the following to your command:
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// ...
use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\ConfirmationQuestion;
class YourCommand extends Command
{
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
$question = new ConfirmationQuestion('Continue with this action?', false);
if (!$helper->ask($input, $output, $question)) {
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
// ... do something here
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
}
In this case, the user will be asked "Continue with this action?". If the user
answers with y
(or any word, expression starting with y
due to default
answer regex, e.g yeti
) it returns true
or false
otherwise, e.g. n
.
The second argument to
__construct()
is the default value to return if the user doesn't enter any valid input. If
the second argument is not provided, true
is assumed.
Tip
You can customize the regex used to check if the answer means "yes" in the
third argument of the constructor. For instance, to allow anything that
starts with either y
or j
, you would set it to:
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$question = new ConfirmationQuestion(
'Continue with this action?',
false,
'/^(y|j)/i'
);
The regex defaults to /^y/i
.
Note
By default, the question helper uses the error output (stderr
) as
its default output. This behavior can be changed by passing an instance of
StreamOutput to the
ask()
method.
Asking the User for Information
You can also ask a question with more than a simple yes/no answer. For instance, if you want to know a bundle name, you can add this to your command:
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\Question;
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
// ...
$question = new Question('Please enter the name of the bundle', 'AcmeDemoBundle');
$bundleName = $helper->ask($input, $output, $question);
// ... do something with the bundleName
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
The user will be asked "Please enter the name of the bundle". They can type
some name which will be returned by the
ask() method.
If they leave it empty, the default value (AcmeDemoBundle
here) is returned.
Let the User Choose from a List of Answers
If you have a predefined set of answers the user can choose from, you
could use a ChoiceQuestion
which makes sure that the user can only enter a valid string or the index
of the choice from a predefined list. In the example below, typing blue
or 1
is the same choice for the user. A default value is set with 0
but red
could be set instead (could be more explicit):
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\ChoiceQuestion;
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
// ...
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
$question = new ChoiceQuestion(
'Please select your favorite color (defaults to red)',
// choices can also be PHP objects that implement __toString() method
['red', 'blue', 'yellow'],
0
);
$question->setErrorMessage('Color %s is invalid.');
$color = $helper->ask($input, $output, $question);
$output->writeln('You have just selected: '.$color);
// ... do something with the color
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
5.2
Support for using PHP objects as choice values was introduced in Symfony 5.2.
The option which should be selected by default is provided with the third
argument of the constructor. The default is null
, which means that no
option is the default one.
If the user enters an invalid string, an error message is shown and the user
is asked to provide the answer another time, until they enter a valid string
or reach the maximum number of attempts. The default value for the maximum number
of attempts is null
, which means an infinite number of attempts. You can define
your own error message using
setErrorMessage().
Multiple Choices
Sometimes, multiple answers can be given. The ChoiceQuestion
provides this
feature using comma separated values. This is disabled by default, to enable
this use setMultiselect():
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\ChoiceQuestion;
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
// ...
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
$question = new ChoiceQuestion(
'Please select your favorite colors (defaults to red and blue)',
['red', 'blue', 'yellow'],
'0,1'
);
$question->setMultiselect(true);
$colors = $helper->ask($input, $output, $question);
$output->writeln('You have just selected: ' . implode(', ', $colors));
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
Now, when the user enters 1,2
, the result will be:
You have just selected: blue, yellow
. The user can also enter strings
(e.g. blue,yellow
) and even mix strings and the index of the choices
(e.g. blue,2
).
If the user does not enter anything, the result will be:
You have just selected: red, blue
.
Autocompletion
You can also specify an array of potential answers for a given question. These will be autocompleted as the user types:
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\Question;
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
// ...
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
$bundles = ['AcmeDemoBundle', 'AcmeBlogBundle', 'AcmeStoreBundle'];
$question = new Question('Please enter the name of a bundle', 'FooBundle');
$question->setAutocompleterValues($bundles);
$bundleName = $helper->ask($input, $output, $question);
// ... do something with the bundleName
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
In more complex use cases, it may be necessary to generate suggestions on the fly, for instance if you wish to autocomplete a file path. In that case, you can provide a callback function to dynamically generate suggestions:
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\Question;
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
// This function is called whenever the input changes and new
// suggestions are needed.
$callback = function (string $userInput): array {
// Strip any characters from the last slash to the end of the string
// to keep only the last directory and generate suggestions for it
$inputPath = preg_replace('%(/|^)[^/]*$%', '$1', $userInput);
$inputPath = '' === $inputPath ? '.' : $inputPath;
// CAUTION - this example code allows unrestricted access to the
// entire filesystem. In real applications, restrict the directories
// where files and dirs can be found
$foundFilesAndDirs = @scandir($inputPath) ?: [];
return array_map(function ($dirOrFile) use ($inputPath) {
return $inputPath.$dirOrFile;
}, $foundFilesAndDirs);
};
$question = new Question('Please provide the full path of a file to parse');
$question->setAutocompleterCallback($callback);
$filePath = $helper->ask($input, $output, $question);
// ... do something with the filePath
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
Do not Trim the Answer
You can also specify if you want to not trim the answer by setting it directly with setTrimmable():
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\Question;
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
// ...
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
$question = new Question('What is the name of the child?');
$question->setTrimmable(false);
// if the users inputs 'elsa ' it will not be trimmed and you will get 'elsa ' as value
$name = $helper->ask($input, $output, $question);
// ... do something with the name
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
Accept Multiline Answers
5.2
The setMultiline()
and isMultiline()
methods were introduced in
Symfony 5.2.
By default, the question helper stops reading user input when it receives a newline
character (i.e., when the user hits ENTER
once). However, you may specify that
the response to a question should allow multiline answers by passing true
to
setMultiline():
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\Question;
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
// ...
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
$question = new Question('How do you solve world peace?');
$question->setMultiline(true);
$answer = $helper->ask($input, $output, $question);
// ... do something with the answer
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
Multiline questions stop reading user input after receiving an end-of-transmission
control character (Ctrl-D
on Unix systems or Ctrl-Z
on Windows).
Hiding the User's Response
You can also ask a question and hide the response. This is particularly convenient for passwords:
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\Question;
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
// ...
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
$question = new Question('What is the database password?');
$question->setHidden(true);
$question->setHiddenFallback(false);
$password = $helper->ask($input, $output, $question);
// ... do something with the password
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
Caution
When you ask for a hidden response, Symfony will use either a binary, change
stty
mode or use another trick to hide the response. If none is available,
it will fallback and allow the response to be visible unless you set this
behavior to false
using
setHiddenFallback()
like in the example above. In this case, a RuntimeException
would be thrown.
Note
The stty
command is used to get and set properties of the command line
(such as getting the number of rows and columns or hiding the input text).
On Windows systems, this stty
command may generate gibberish output and
mangle the input text. If that's your case, disable it with this command:
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Helper\QuestionHelper;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\ChoiceQuestion;
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
// ...
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
QuestionHelper::disableStty();
// ...
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
Normalizing the Answer
Before validating the answer, you can "normalize" it to fix minor errors or tweak it as needed. For instance, in a previous example you asked for the bundle name. In case the user adds white spaces around the name by mistake, you can trim the name before validating it. To do so, configure a normalizer using the setNormalizer() method:
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\Question;
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
// ...
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
$question = new Question('Please enter the name of the bundle', 'AcmeDemoBundle');
$question->setNormalizer(function ($value) {
// $value can be null here
return $value ? trim($value) : '';
});
$bundleName = $helper->ask($input, $output, $question);
// ... do something with the bundleName
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
Caution
The normalizer is called first and the returned value is used as the input of the validator. If the answer is invalid, don't throw exceptions in the normalizer and let the validator handle those errors.
Validating the Answer
You can even validate the answer. For instance, in a previous example you asked
for the bundle name. Following the Symfony naming conventions, it should
be suffixed with Bundle
. You can validate that by using the
setValidator()
method:
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\Question;
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
// ...
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
$question = new Question('Please enter the name of the bundle', 'AcmeDemoBundle');
$question->setValidator(function ($answer) {
if (!is_string($answer) || 'Bundle' !== substr($answer, -6)) {
throw new \RuntimeException(
'The name of the bundle should be suffixed with \'Bundle\''
);
}
return $answer;
});
$question->setMaxAttempts(2);
$bundleName = $helper->ask($input, $output, $question);
// ... do something with the bundleName
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
The $validator
is a callback which handles the validation. It should
throw an exception if there is something wrong. The exception message is displayed
in the console, so it is a good practice to put some useful information in it. The
callback function should also return the value of the user's input if the validation
was successful.
You can set the max number of times to ask with the
setMaxAttempts() method.
If you reach this max number it will use the default value. Using null
means
the number of attempts is infinite. The user will be asked as long as they provide an
invalid answer and will only be able to proceed if their input is valid.
Tip
You can even use the Validator component to validate the input by using the createCallable() method:
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use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\Regex;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Validation;
$question = new Question('Please enter the name of the bundle', 'AcmeDemoBundle');
$validation = Validation::createCallable(new Regex([
'pattern' => '/^[a-zA-Z]+Bundle$/',
'message' => 'The name of the bundle should be suffixed with \'Bundle\'',
]));
$question->setValidator($validation);
Validating a Hidden Response
You can also use a validator with a hidden question:
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Question\Question;
// ...
public function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
{
// ...
$helper = $this->getHelper('question');
$question = new Question('Please enter your password');
$question->setNormalizer(function ($value) {
return $value ?? '';
});
$question->setValidator(function ($value) {
if ('' === trim($value)) {
throw new \Exception('The password cannot be empty');
}
return $value;
});
$question->setHidden(true);
$question->setMaxAttempts(20);
$password = $helper->ask($input, $output, $question);
// ... do something with the password
return Command::SUCCESS;
}
Testing a Command that Expects Input
If you want to write a unit test for a command which expects some kind of input from the command line, you need to set the inputs that the command expects:
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use Symfony\Component\Console\Tester\CommandTester;
// ...
public function testExecute()
{
// ...
$commandTester = new CommandTester($command);
// Equals to a user inputting "Test" and hitting ENTER
$commandTester->setInputs(['Test']);
// Equals to a user inputting "This", "That" and hitting ENTER
// This can be used for answering two separated questions for instance
$commandTester->setInputs(['This', 'That']);
// For simulating a positive answer to a confirmation question, adding an
// additional input saying "yes" will work
$commandTester->setInputs(['yes']);
$commandTester->execute(['command' => $command->getName()]);
// $this->assertRegExp('/.../', $commandTester->getDisplay());
}
By calling setInputs(), you imitate what the console would do internally with all user input through the CLI. This method takes an array as only argument with, for each input that the command expects, a string representing what the user would have typed. This way you can test any user interaction (even complex ones) by passing the appropriate inputs.
Note
The CommandTester automatically
simulates a user hitting ENTER
after each input, no need for passing
an additional input.
Caution
On Windows systems Symfony uses a special binary to implement hidden
questions. This means that those questions don't use the default Input
console object and therefore you can't test them on Windows.