Today is the last stop of our trip to the wonderful world of symfony. During these twenty-three last days, you learned symfony by example: from the design patterns used by the framework, to the powerful built-in features. You are not a symfony master yet, but you have all the needed knowledge to start building your symfony applications with confidence.
As we wrap up the Jobeet tutorial, let's have another look at the framework. Forget Jobeet for an hour, and recall all the features you learned during this whole book.
What is symfony?
The symfony framework is a set of cohesive but decoupled sub-frameworks, that forms a full-stack MVC framework (Model, View, Controller).
Before coding head first, take some time to read the symfony history and
philosophy. Then, check the framework
prerequisites and use the
check_configuration.php script to validate
your configuration.
Eventually, install symfony. After some time you will also want to upgrade to the latest version of the framework.
The framework also provides tools to ease deployment.
The Model
The Model part of symfony can be done with the help of the Doctrine ORM. Based on the database description, it generates classes for objects, forms, and filters. Doctrine also generates the SQL statements used to create the tables in the database.
The database configuration can be done with a task or by editing a configuration file. Beside its configuration, it is also possible to inject initial data, thanks to fixture files. You can even make these files dynamic.
Doctrine objects can also be easily internationalized.
The View
By default, the View layer of the MVC architecture uses plain PHP files as templates.
Templates can use helpers for recurrent tasks like creating an URL or a link.
A template can be decorated by a layout to abstract the header and footer of pages. To make views even more reusable, you can define slots, partials, and components.
To speed up things, you can use the cache sub-framework to cache a whole page, just the action, or even just partials or components. You can also remove the cache manually.
The Controller
The Controller part is managed by front controllers and actions.
Tasks can be used to create simple modules, CRUD modules, or even to generate fullly working admin modules for model classes.
Admin modules allows you to built a fully functional application without coding anything.
To abstract the technical implementation of a website, symfony uses a routing sub-framework that generates pretty URLs. To make implementing web services even easier, symfony supports formats out of the box. You can also create your own formats.
An action can be forwarded to another one, or redirected.
Configuration
The symfony framework makes it easy to have different configuration settings for different environments. An environment is a set of settings that allows different behaviors on the development or production servers. You can also create new environments.
The symfony configuration files can be defined at different levels and most of them are environment aware:
app.ymlcache.ymldatabases.ymlfactories.ymlgenerator.ymlrouting.ymlschema.ymlsecurity.ymlsettings.ymlview.yml
The configuration files mostly use the YAML format.
Instead of using the default directory structure and organize your application files by layers, you can also organize them by feature, and bundle them in a plugin. Speaking of the default directory structure, you can also customize it according to your needs.
Debugging
From logging to the web debug toolbar, and meaningful exceptions, symfony provides a lot of useful tools to help the developer debug problems faster.
Main symfony Objects
The symfony framework provides quite a few core objects that abstract recurrent needs in web projects: the request, the response, the user, the logging, the routing, the mailer, and the view cache manager.
These core objects are managed by the
sfContext object, and
they are configured via the factories.
The user manages user authentication, authorization, flashes, and attributes to be serialized in the session.
Security
The symfony framework has built-in protections against XSS and CSRF. These settings can be configured from the command line, or by editing a configuration file.
The form framework also provides built-in security features.
Forms
As managing forms is one of the most tedious task for a web developer, symfony provides a form sub-framework. The form framework comes bundled with a lot of widgets and validators. One of the strength of the form sub-framework is that templates are very easily customizables.
If you use Doctrine, the form framework also makes it easy to generate forms and filters based on your models.
Internationalization and Localization
Internationalization and localization are supported by symfony, thanks to the ICU standard. The user culture determines the language and the country of the user. It can be defined by the user itself, or embedded in the URL.
Tests
The lime library, used for unit tests, provides a lot of testing methods. The Doctrine objects can also be tested from a dedicated database and with dedicated fixtures.
Unit tests can be run one at a time or all together.
Functional tests are written with the
sfFunctionalTest class, which uses a
browser simulator and allows symfony core
objects introspection through Testers.
Testers exist for the request object, the
response object, the user
object, the
current form object, the
cache layer and the
Doctrine objects.
You can also use debugging tools for the response and forms.
As for the unit tests, functional tests can be run one by one or all together.
You can also run all tests together.
Plugins
The symfony framework only provides the foundation for your web applications and
relies on plugins to add more features. In this
tutorial, we have talked about sfGuardPlugin,
sfFormExtraPlugin, and
sfTaskExtraPlugin.
A plugin must be activated after installation.
Plugins are the best way to contribute back to the symfony project.
Tasks
The symfony CLI provides a lot of tasks, and the most useful have been discussed in this tutorial:
app:routescache:clearconfigure:databasegenerate:projectgenerate:appgenerate:modulehelpi18n:extractlistplugin:installplugin:publish-assetsproject:deploydoctrine:build --alldoctrine:build --all -and-loaddoctrine:build --alldoctrine:build --all -and-loaddoctrine:build --formsdoctrine:build-modeldoctrine:build-sqldoctrine:data-loaddoctrine:generate-admindoctrine:generate-moduledoctrine:insert-sqltest:alltest:coveragetest:functionaltest:unit
You can also create your own tasks.
See you soon
Learning by Practicing
The symfony framework, as does any piece of software, has a learning curve. In the learning process, the first step is to learn from practical examples with a book like this one. The second step is to practice. Nothing will ever replace practicing.
That's what you can start doing today. Think about the simplest web project that still provides some value: a todo list manager, a simple blog, a time or currency converter, whatever... Choose one and start implementing it with the knowledge you have today. Use the task help messages to learn the different options, browse the code generated by symfony, use a text editor that has PHP auto-completion support like Eclipse, and refer to the reference guide to browse all the configuration provided by the framework.
Enjoy all the free material you have at your disposal to learn more about symfony.
The community
Before you leave, I would like to talk about one last thing about symfony. The framework has a lot of great features and a lot of free documentation. But, one of the most valuable asset an Open-Source can have is its community. And symfony has one of the most amazing and active community around. If you start using symfony for your projects, consider joining the symfony community:
- Subscribe to the user mailing-list
- Subscribe to the official blog feed
- Subscribe to the symfony planet feed
- Come and chat on the #symfony IRC channel on freenode
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